See doc. 84; and Part II, note 148.

The 5th Department of GUGB [Main State Security Administration] was Intelligence.

The German Embassy in Moscow interceded for some Poles from German Poland, also for Poles whose release was requested by Italian dignitaries, for example, the artist Józef Czapski. In early August 2005, the Polish press reported the existence of a special collection in the German Foreign Ministry archives titled “Polish Prisoners of War, 1939-1941.” It contains letters from POW relatives to the ministry appealing for action to secure their release on the basis of German descent or profession and German-Soviet correspondence on this subject; see Wojciech Czuchnowski, “Nieznane Akta Katyńskie Znaleziono w Niemczech” [Unknown Katyn Documents Found in Germany], Gazeta Wyborcza, 2 August 2005.

These were ethnic Germans, citizens of prewar Poland.

These were likely informers or potential informers.